• Home
  • About
  • Recipes
    • Appetizers & Savory Snacks
    • Breads
    • Breakfast & Brunch
    • Desserts & Sweet Snacks
    • Drinks
    • Main Dishes
    • Salads & Dressings
    • Sandwiches & Wraps
    • Sauces
    • Side Dishes
    • Soups & Stews
  • Main Dishes
    • All Beef Chicken & Poultry Fish & Seafood Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other Pork & Other Meats
      Chicken & Poultry

      Easy Weeknight Paella

      November 20, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Samin’s Buttermilk Marinated Roast Chicken

      November 15, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Chicken Fajitas for Two

      May 2, 2019

      Main Dishes

      Tex-Mex Spice Mix

      April 30, 2019

      Beef

      Chinese Broccoli Beef

      February 16, 2018

      Beef

      Simple 8-Ingredient Beef Chili

      November 28, 2017

      Beef

      Thai Red Chili Basil Beef

      May 26, 2017

      Chicken & Poultry

      Easy Weeknight Paella

      November 20, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Samin’s Buttermilk Marinated Roast Chicken

      November 15, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Chicken Fajitas for Two

      May 2, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Slow Cooker Thai Peanut Chicken

      March 30, 2018

      Fish & Seafood

      Easy Weeknight Paella

      November 20, 2019

      Fish & Seafood

      Baked Asian Salmon for Two

      May 30, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Squash Gnocchi with Garlic Sage Brown Butter

      November 7, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Cannellini Spinach Toasts

      September 5, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Easy Green Vegetable Pasta for Two

      July 4, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Charred Cherry Tomato Cacio e Pepe for Two

      February 9, 2018

      Pork & Other Meats

      Sheet Pan Pork Chops & Potatoes for Two

      March 20, 2018

      Pork & Other Meats

      Spicy Garlic Pork Lettuce Wraps

      January 5, 2018

      Pork & Other Meats

      Juicy Lemon Apple Cider Pork Chops

      October 13, 2017

      Pork & Other Meats

      Sausage & Cannellini Beans in White Wine

      June 8, 2017

  • Desserts & Sweet Snacks
    • All Cakes & Cupcakes Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares Loaves & Muffins Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets
      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Soft & Chewy Snickerdoodles

      December 4, 2019

      Desserts & Sweet Snacks

      Fall Spice Blend (aka Pumpkin Spice)

      October 31, 2018

      Desserts & Sweet Snacks

      Slow Cooker Dulce de Leche

      September 19, 2018

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Triple Layer Skor Bars

      May 23, 2018

      Cakes & Cupcakes

      Hydrangea in Bloom Cupcakes

      June 20, 2017

      Cakes & Cupcakes

      Baking & Book Signing with Anna Olson!

      June 13, 2017

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Soft & Chewy Snickerdoodles

      December 4, 2019

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Triple Layer Skor Bars

      May 23, 2018

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Nonna’s Wedding Lemon Cookies

      May 16, 2018

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Mini Egg Oatmeal Cookies

      March 27, 2018

      Loaves & Muffins

      The Best Oatmeal Muffins

      April 18, 2018

      Loaves & Muffins

      No Fuss Cranberry Orange Muffins

      November 17, 2017

      Loaves & Muffins

      Chocolate Chip Buttermilk Banana Bread

      September 26, 2017

      Loaves & Muffins

      Blueberry-Lemon Yogurt Loaf

      March 8, 2017

      Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets

      Valentine’s Day Cinnamon Rolls & My Wood Watch

      February 6, 2018

      Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets

      The Best Apple Crisp

      October 24, 2017

      Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets

      Homemade Pop-Tarts

      March 22, 2017

  • Shop
  • Contact
  • Home
  • About
  • Recipes
    • Appetizers & Savory Snacks
    • Breads
    • Breakfast & Brunch
    • Desserts & Sweet Snacks
    • Drinks
    • Main Dishes
    • Salads & Dressings
    • Sandwiches & Wraps
    • Sauces
    • Side Dishes
    • Soups & Stews
  • Main Dishes
    • All Beef Chicken & Poultry Fish & Seafood Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other Pork & Other Meats
      Chicken & Poultry

      Easy Weeknight Paella

      November 20, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Samin’s Buttermilk Marinated Roast Chicken

      November 15, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Chicken Fajitas for Two

      May 2, 2019

      Main Dishes

      Tex-Mex Spice Mix

      April 30, 2019

      Beef

      Chinese Broccoli Beef

      February 16, 2018

      Beef

      Simple 8-Ingredient Beef Chili

      November 28, 2017

      Beef

      Thai Red Chili Basil Beef

      May 26, 2017

      Chicken & Poultry

      Easy Weeknight Paella

      November 20, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Samin’s Buttermilk Marinated Roast Chicken

      November 15, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Chicken Fajitas for Two

      May 2, 2019

      Chicken & Poultry

      Slow Cooker Thai Peanut Chicken

      March 30, 2018

      Fish & Seafood

      Easy Weeknight Paella

      November 20, 2019

      Fish & Seafood

      Baked Asian Salmon for Two

      May 30, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Squash Gnocchi with Garlic Sage Brown Butter

      November 7, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Cannellini Spinach Toasts

      September 5, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Easy Green Vegetable Pasta for Two

      July 4, 2018

      Pizza, Pasta, Risotto, Beans & Other

      Charred Cherry Tomato Cacio e Pepe for Two

      February 9, 2018

      Pork & Other Meats

      Sheet Pan Pork Chops & Potatoes for Two

      March 20, 2018

      Pork & Other Meats

      Spicy Garlic Pork Lettuce Wraps

      January 5, 2018

      Pork & Other Meats

      Juicy Lemon Apple Cider Pork Chops

      October 13, 2017

      Pork & Other Meats

      Sausage & Cannellini Beans in White Wine

      June 8, 2017

  • Desserts & Sweet Snacks
    • All Cakes & Cupcakes Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares Loaves & Muffins Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets
      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Soft & Chewy Snickerdoodles

      December 4, 2019

      Desserts & Sweet Snacks

      Fall Spice Blend (aka Pumpkin Spice)

      October 31, 2018

      Desserts & Sweet Snacks

      Slow Cooker Dulce de Leche

      September 19, 2018

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Triple Layer Skor Bars

      May 23, 2018

      Cakes & Cupcakes

      Hydrangea in Bloom Cupcakes

      June 20, 2017

      Cakes & Cupcakes

      Baking & Book Signing with Anna Olson!

      June 13, 2017

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Soft & Chewy Snickerdoodles

      December 4, 2019

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Triple Layer Skor Bars

      May 23, 2018

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Nonna’s Wedding Lemon Cookies

      May 16, 2018

      Cookies, Brownies, Bars & Squares

      Small Batch Mini Egg Oatmeal Cookies

      March 27, 2018

      Loaves & Muffins

      The Best Oatmeal Muffins

      April 18, 2018

      Loaves & Muffins

      No Fuss Cranberry Orange Muffins

      November 17, 2017

      Loaves & Muffins

      Chocolate Chip Buttermilk Banana Bread

      September 26, 2017

      Loaves & Muffins

      Blueberry-Lemon Yogurt Loaf

      March 8, 2017

      Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets

      Valentine’s Day Cinnamon Rolls & My Wood Watch

      February 6, 2018

      Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets

      The Best Apple Crisp

      October 24, 2017

      Pastries, Pies & Other Sweets

      Homemade Pop-Tarts

      March 22, 2017

  • Shop
  • Contact
The Beader Chef
Science Bite

Celiac Disease and Reovirus: A link in the chain to celiac development

by Michelle April 14, 2017
April 14, 2017

What is gluten, celiac disease and the link connecting celiac disease and reovirus? These are all questions we will investigate in the first Science Bite!

So I may have dragged my feet a bit on getting the Science Bite page of The Beader Chef going – but it has come to an end, starting with celiac disease and reovirus!

YAY!

Hopefully, as readers, you find these science bite posts just as interesting as I believe it is to write them. Let me know what you think! Also, this particular post is special: for one, my master’s project somewhat involves inflammation caused by viruses, and two (more importantly) I know someone dear to me that has been touched by having to go gluten-free recently, and trust me when I say gluten is EVERYWHERE.


Just think: uncoated french fries are gluten-free but if they were fried in oil that also was used to fry battered fish, that oil becomes gluten contaminated and therefore those french fried we were about to order are no longer gluten-free – *sigh*.

Now, before getting all science-y on ya – but really I won’t – there are a couple of things we need to know about gluten and celiac and then I’ll explain what my fellow scientific colleagues have discovered.

 

What is Gluten?

Gluten is the collective name given to a mixture proteins that are found in wheat, barley, rye and other grains. Because it is found in these grains, it makes a presence in a lot of staple foods found in our pantries: breads, pastas, granola, tortillas and even some alcohols all contain gluten. It is important for these foods, especially bread, because when mixed with water the gluten adds rigidity, elasticity and a sticky like nature to the dough so that it can be rolled out, rise while it cooks and hold its structure once out of the oven.

Celiac Disease and Reovirus: Bread containing gluten for structure

Think of air bubbles in your favorite loaf of crusty bread. Without gluten those wouldn’t exist because the removal of gluten often causes baked goods not to rise to their full potential (or not at all) because the dough cannot maintain the air-bubbles after baking; also, dough cannot be rolled out properly because it is not elastic enough (trust me, I tried making gluten-free soft pretzels using my recipe with a gluten-free flour blend and it was a nightmare), or the taste is just off because the end result is more dense.

Luckily, with increased understanding of celiac disease, the growing trend of people eliminating gluten from their diets for personal reasons other than a celiac diagnosis, and the growing science of cooking without gluten, there are many gluten-free friendly cookbooks and blogs that are being published! (I don’t specifically have a gluten-free category, but search gluten-free and I’ve tagged all the recipes that are!)

One of my favourite gluten-free resources? Gluten Free Girl’s Blog and her two cookbooks Gluten-Free Girl Everyday (James Beard Award for Focus on Health) and Gluten-Free Girl American Classics Reinvented.

 

What is Celiac Disease?

Celiac disease (also known as gluten-sensitive enteropathy or celiac sprue) is an autoimmune disease that is caused by an immune response after the consumption of gluten containing foods.

Briefly, the immune system of those suffering from celiac disease deem gluten an invader to the body within the gut (much like unwanted bacteria) and therefore it tries to eliminate it by evoking an immune response that causes inflammation.

Because gluten is consumed by most individuals daily, the constant inflammation causes damage to the inner lining (the villi, pictured below) of the small intestine reducing its ability to absorb essential nutrients found in food, such as: iron, vitamins, protein, fats and other compounds.

Celiac Disease and Reovirus: Normal and damaged villi of the small intestine

As for celiac symptoms? Symptoms vary from one celiac individual to the next, some of the most common in adults are: stomach pain, gas, diarrhea and weight loss… But there are a boat load of others and some people may not experience anything! Check out this awesome infographic made by the Gluten Dude!

 

How do you get Celiac Disease?

Immune intolerance to gluten and getting diagnosed with celiac disease doesn’t just happen. Often, celiac disease can be traced back to other family members and therefore a predisposition to the disease can be inherited (genes passed from the parents to their children).  However, having this inherited predisposition doesn’t necessarily mean the development of celiac disease for an individual.

Why is this the case? Celiac disease, like many other diseases, is caused by various different factors, namely inherited predispositions and environmental factors. It is scientific research on these two points that can help us better understand the development of the disease in the hopes to prevent, treat and potentially cure.

But for now, once you have a diagnosis there is no cure or treatment and the only way to alleviate symptoms is to go on a strictly gluten-free diet… BUT KEEP READING! THERE IS HOPE!

 

Scientific Breakthrough!

Recently (very recently, like April 6th 2017 recently) new research from the University of Chicago and the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine was published in Science Magazine. It outlines the link between how reovirus infection (viruses usually found in the respiratory tract and gastrointestinal system that normally cause no symptoms, and pictured below) can trigger a change in intestinal immunity that initiates the loss of gluten tolerance and therefore may be the initiating event in the development of celiac disease.

Celiac Disease and Reovirus: 3D reovirus model

Why are these findings so important? They help us better understand why certain individuals who have celiac disease without a prior family history of the disease may develop it – a case of circumstances, perhaps although other family members are also predisposed they have not developed celiac disease because they have not encountered a virus that caused change in intestinal immunity.

But more importantly, as suggested by authors of the research article (two of which are affiliated with Université de Montréal, where I’m studying!!!) the identification of viruses that can trigger changes in immune response can help researchers design vaccines to prevent celiac disease and potentially other autoimmune disorders in at-risk populations, like those how have inherited a predisposition.

This study also shows that it is not a class of viruses that cause changes in immune function. However, different categories within a virus family. To show this, the investigators of the study used two genetically different strains of reovirus finding that their genetic differences caused one to change intestinal immunity leading to immune intolerance to gluten, and the other had no effect.

Although this is exciting news and it will help in the understanding of celiac disease and different environmental factors that play a role in celiac disease development, the authors also point out that celiac disease is a multifactorial disease in which we still don’t know all the causes. Yes, this new research showed that certain reovirus strains have the ability to change intestinal immunity and other virus strains should be investigated. Yet, the study also demonstrated that in both human and mouse models of celiac disease, reovirus infection did cause immune cells to recognize gluten as bad and dangerous, but it did not lead to the inflammation that is known to cause damage seen in the small intestine.

So as the title of this Science Bite states, reovirus may only be a link in what could be a very long chain to celiac disease development – but it is a scientific breakthrough nonetheless!

 

Hope you enjoyed!

 

Green links in my posts are “affiliate links.” This means if you click on the link and purchase the item, I will receive a small affiliate commission. Thank you for supporting TBC!

Share10
Pin
Tweet
Email
10 Shares
previous post
Skillet Hash & Eggs
next post
Warm Garlicky Kale & Quinoa Salad
Michelle

A little thing about me?! I can get pretty nerdy at times and I always have some sort of experiment going on in the kitchen.

You may also like

Garlicky Swiss Chard Bruschetta

Ginger-Lemon Gin Fizz

Lemony Apple Salad

Small Batch Chimichurri

About Me

About Me

I'm Michelle: a research scientist that loves to cook, bake and make jewelry! I live in Montreal, Canada with my fiancé. Favorite things: playing music or podcasts in the lab, cooking on the weekends and a good cup of coffee (or wine depending on the hour!). Least favorite things: thinking about it! Want to find out more about me and the blog?! Check out the about page!

Facebook Twitter Instagram Pinterest

Pinterest

Food Advertising by logo
  • Facebook
  • Twitter
  • Instagram
  • Pinterest

Copyright @2019 The Beader Chef - All Rights Reserved.


Back To Top